Rukuruzi y'izuba igiye kongera kwihindukiza. Ese bizatugiraho izihe ngaruka ku mubumbe w'isi?

Buri nyuma y’imyaka 11, rukuruzi y’izuba irihindukiza, igice cy’Amajyaruguru n’icy’Amajyepfo bigahinduranya, kimwe kikajya mu mwanya ikindi cyarimo. Ni ibintu abahanga mu Isanzure n’ubumenyi bw’Isi bemeza ko bigirira akamaro Isi nk’Umubumbe.

Uko kwihindukiza ngo bikingira Isi ntigerweho n’imirasire ifite ubukana buhambaye, ituruka ku bindi bintu byo mu isanzure bitari izuba (galactic cosmic rays). Iyo mirasire iba ishobora kwangiza ibyogajuru, ikanahungabanya ubuzima bw’abashakashatsi mu by’Isanzure barenze ikirere (atmosphere) cy’Isi.

Uko rukuruzi y’Izuba igenda yihindukiza, igice cy’Izuba gishinzwe kubika ingufu (current sheet) kirushaho gukora cyane, bigatuma gisa n’urukuta rukingira Isi ntigerweho na ya mirasire ya “galactic cosmic rays”. 
 Mu mpera za 2013 ni bwo kwihindukiza kwa rukuruzi y’izuba byaherukaga kubaho.

Bifatwa nk’aho ari cyo cyiciro cy’ingenzi mu by’impinduka zigaruka mu mikorere y’Izuba (solar cycle), aho abari ku Isi bashobora kureba ku izuba bakabona ibice byaryo byinshi (solar maximum) cyangwa bike bishoboka (solar minimum) bifite ubushyuhe bwagabanutse (sunspots). Icyo gihe biba bigaragara nk’ibyijimwe.

“Solar cycle” imara imyaka 11. Kumenya ko yatangiye cyangwa yarangiye, bishingira kuri rukuruzi y’Izuba, ingano ya “sunspots” zirigaragara, ndetse n’inshuro zigaragara. Byitezwe ko hagati y’impera za 2024 n’intangiriro za 2026 ari bwo “solar maximum” izagaragara.

Mu gihe habaho “solar minimum” ibice bya rukuruzi y’Izuba biba bigaragara neza ubasha kureba “North” ukwayo, na “South” Ukwayo nk’uko bimeze ku Isi. Gusa uko bizamuka bigana kuri “solar maximum”, gutandukanya ibyo bice neza biba bigoye cyane.

Ku rundi ruhande, kugira ngo ibice bya rukuruzi y’Izuba bibe byasubiye mu mwanya wabyo uko bikwiye, ni impinduka zimara imyaka 22, ziswe “Hale cycle” mu Cyongereza.

Ukwihindukiza kwa rukuruzi y’Izuba guteganyijwe kuzaturuka mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru kwerekeza mu cy’Amajyepfo, byongere bituruke mu Majyepfo bigana mu Majyaruguru.

Abahanga mu by’Isanzure bashimangira ko nibigenda bityo, bizaba bisa neza n’uko rukuruzi y’Isi imeze kuko umutwe w’igice cy’Amajyepfo uri mu cyo cyerekezo cya ruguru.

Kwihindukiza kwa rukuruzi y’Izuba biterwa n’uko ibice by’Izuba bifite ubushyuhe buke (sunspots) biba byarekuriye rimwe ingufu zikarenga ikirere cy’Izuba.

Uko ibyo bice bigenda byegera umurongo ugabanyamo Izuba kabiri (equator) bifata icyerekezo cya rukuruzi giheruka (old magnetic field), naho ibyegereye inkingi (poles) bigafata icyerekezo cya rukuruzi gishya (incoming magnetic orientation). Urwo ruhererekane abashakashatsi barwise “Hale’s law”.

Todd Hoeksema wigisha muri Kaminuza ya Stanford University y’i California, asobanura ko “rukuruzi iva aho iri yerekeza ku nkingi z’Izuba, bigatuma yihindukiza”, ahari igice cy’Amajyaruguru hakajya icy’Amajyepfo.

Icyakora impamvu nyamukuru yo kwihindukiza kwa rukuruzi y’Izuba iracyateye urujijo. Iyo abashakashatsi basesengura “solar] cycle” ntibabasha kugaragaza neza ngo impamvu nyamukuru ni iyihe. Bavuga ko bikigoye kwemeza ngo ni iyihe nyirizina, ko impamvu zibaho bitewe n’uruhande kwihindukiza byahereyemo.